My Future Essay

In the future I see myself studying The Natural Science Program, hopefully with a friend through my years in High School. After school I want to study into becoming a doctor, probably in another country than Sweden, hopefully France, which will be interesting. It will probably take up a lot of my free time but it will be worth it in the end. I will probably study alongside a friend, having him as my roommate which hopefully will make my studies enjoyable. Hopefully I’ll have a beautiful girlfriend while I’m studying to encourage me alongside my mother. I wouldn’t like to get married until I’m like 25 years old, any younger I would consider it kind of weird and I would want to enjoy the bachelor life a while before getting married On my spare time I would go out and meet some French girls and hang out with some friends. I’d like my life to be adventurous and fun, but that would be kind of hard to achieve due to the fact that studying to a doctor would take up a lot of my time. After I have achieved the job as a doctor or if I achieve it I will buy a nice house and a nice car that hopefully will attract girls. ï Å  When or if I become a father I do not want to become the over protective type just because of the fact that I don’t like when my parents behave that way for me, but I will set some boundaries. But of course I also know that it is for my own best, they do it because they love me.

Akamai Case Study Ecommerce

1. Why does akamai need to geographically disperse its servers to deliver its costumers' web content? Akamai allows its costumers to move their web-based products closer to their end users (local). Meaning that an Akamai website can deliver from 4 to 10 times faster as non-Akamai website, due to the 73. 000 servers around the world. 2. If you wanted to deliver software content over the Internet, would you sign up for Akamai’s service? Why or why not? Yes we would sign up for the Akamai service due to the following advantages * Reliability * Availability * Speed * Security Reporting tools with regards to problems or traffics * Scalability (the possibility of having many users and large files) 3. What advantages does an advertiser derive from using Akamai’s EdgeScape service? What kinds of products might benefit from this kind of service? The main advantage of this EdgeScape service is the tracking possibility of online shopping behaviour. This way an advertiser can pin p oint buyers based on geographic locations, and validate an end user’s location. 4. Why don’t major business firms distribute their videos using [email  protected] networks lie Bittorent?P2P means the sharing of files between users of the P2P service such as Bittorent or Bitlord. But this also means that all users are actually servers meaning that it is not easy to collect user data. Also major firms might want to use Akamai instead of P2P as it is more reliable, secure and stable. With the underlying infrastructure of the Internet major companies will most likely not benefit from p2p services. Due to the slow loading of websites companies will most likely chose for a web-streamed based content. These content are often saved on a local server and are most likely quicker distributed to their costumers. . Do you think Internet users should be charged based on the amount of bandwidth they consumer, or tiered plan where users would pay in rough proportion to their usage? No, we believe that the Internet must remain free without people paying for the use of bandwidth. When you are charging people for the use of bandwidth then many people will avoid certain websites that use up allot of bandwidth such as video streaming which uses up allot of bandwidth. It might even result in people avoiding the high use of the internet due to the costs, which is bad news for many online businesses.

Algorithm for Robot Navigation Without Collisions

Algorithm for Robot Navigation Without Collisions ALGORITHM FOR ROBOT NAVIGATION AT ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT COLLISION Â   ALGORITHM REPRESENTATION FOR NAVIGATION OF MOBILE ROBOT WITHOUT OBSTACLE COLLISON Mobile robot It is a kind of robot that has the ability to travel Relative to the environment (i.e. locomotion), and one of the actuators of the robot is the locomotive system This chapter of my bachelor thesis is to develop algorithms that will help the autonomous mobile robot in visual navigation. g the robot. Then, the robot tries to understand their environment to extract data from a sequence of image data, in this case, optical, and then uses this information as a guide for the movement. The strategy adopted to avoid collisions with obstacles during movement – a balance between the right and left optical flow vectors. An integral part of any navigation scheme is the desire to reach a destination and do not get lost or bump into any of the objects. There may be other restrictions on a given route, such as speed limits or zo nes of uncertainty, where in theory, of course, can pave the path, but not desirable. Often, the way is to move the robot autonomously planned, ie on the basis of previous input and without interference in real time. It can work effectively, but only on condition that the environment is perfectly known and does not change and the robot can travel on the route perfectly. However, in the real world everything is much more complicated. Note that navigation will include: Location of robot Environment perception and his model Methods of traffic planning Robot motion control algorithms The problem of mobile robot navigation is a very complex issue characteristic at both ends. The implementation of tasks by moving a mobile robot requires obtaining information about the surrounding-limiting environment – hence the importance of having AD sensory system that allows the observation of the environment and its perception, For this purpose, both simple rangefinder systems and co ntact sensors, which correspond with collision detection. Using a constant speed of 4m/s for the algorithm and a step size of 0.125m which was obtained by the multiplication of the speed by interval in which information is received. = 0.125m. The algorithm is given below. Set iteration values K equals K =1. Tolerance factor ÃŽ ´ Using the following sequence inside the loop for K Evaluating Hessian and the gradient and also checking for positive definite of hessian matric Determine Newton Direction Normalize Newton Direction Determine step size Determine new point If || ΔT||< ÃŽ ´, if not set K=1 And repeat step 2.otherwise terminate But considering the above algorithm it’s still going to encounter some problems. For example saw tooth pattern that occurs at the along the path, shown below: Saw-tooth pattern Saw-tooth happens due to fixed step size at some point in the navigation of the mobile robot reduction in step size is necessary which also means reduction in the speed of the robot . The reason for this effect is because the present point of the robot is not always the best point possible. Meaning that point after that will guide the path back, resulting in a saw=tooth pattern zig -zagging along the path. The reason this problem occurs is because the robot has a constant speed.

POPULAR SCIENCE ARTICLE Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

POPULAR SCIENCE - Article Example It stays this way to protect itself against adverse conditions for long periods of time, in order to wait for a better time period to grow. Through experimental incubation, these spores are revived, which seem to have come from deeper hot spots inside the ocean. These newly discovered bacteria have very similar genetic characteristics to a set of bacteria found from offshore oil reservoirs. Hubert, a PhD in petroleum microbiology states that  that surveys will be able to pinpoint the exact  place from where these microorganisms have originated. He believes they might have some interesting applications, that is, if they are coming from petroleum reservoirs. These bacteria were found to be anaerobic, as they were found in high number in the sediments. Hubert stated that a source of the bacteria could be the oil reservoir and another could be that the fluid circulation through the ocean crust at the spreading ridges where hydrothermal vents are present. While these spores are extremely helpful in tracking down marine hot spots, they also offer new information about the wild life and everything about the different variety of things here in the biosphere. The bacterial species  found  in  the  environment  hide  many  of the minor groups of bacteria that apparently  don’t seem to participate in  the  functioning  of  the  ecosystem. These dormant thermophiles can be a useful key in understanding how diverse is the marine ecosystem and how well it is maintained by the submissive spreading of cells over a large area. These arctic thermophiles can be the holders of great and important clues to solve broader riddle of biogeography and biodiversity.   The thermophiles are a form of bacteria that live and breed in hot places and kill organisms around them (Kristjà ¡nsson; p 43). These are grouped into two types, either Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes.   They breed in temperatures that range between 50C to 70C. Studying these

Dissertation paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Dissertation paraphrasing - Essay Example It is a major concern to reduce the carbon emissions by utilizing the clean sources of energy. Most of the power generated in the Saudi Arabia is from the thermal power plants and there is a need to utilize sustainable resources such as wind and solar energy. Jeddah is situated near Mecca and plays a main role in consuming electricity. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a leading country in the middle east of the Arabian Peninsula. The Area covered by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is almost twenty one and a half million square kilometres (2,150,000 sq km). Islamic laws are followed in the country and people lead their lives according to Holy Quran and Prophet’s Sunnah. The present monarch of the country is King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz who is also guardian of the two holy mosques. The capital city of the country is Riyadh, which is also the biggest city of the country. The total urban area of the city is one thousand five hundred and fifty four square kilometres (1554 sq km). 4.6 million People are residing in the city of Riyadh. The second biggest city of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia with an urban area of seven hundred and forty eight square kilometres (748 sq km) is Jeddah. It located on the coastal line of Red Sea. Almost 3.4 million people are residing in the city of Jeddah. An approximated population of the Ki ngdom of Saudi Arabia is 28.7 million in which 5.6 million people are non-natives and rest are natives. The urban population of the country is almost 82% of the total population. The weather in the Arabian Peninsula is a bit harsh as compared to other places. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has coastal as well as desert regions. In the country’s southwest mountains are also present. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has both dry and humid weather. The major part of the desert is deserted and except some tribes, no one faces the extreme weather of the

Personal statement to apply Msc of Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

To apply Msc of Statistics - Personal Statement Example I also have huge admiration for the Canadian culture and staying studying there would enable me explore and appreciate it more. The university also stands on a high mound in professional training and research indulgence. This university has a reputable image and I would be quite humbled to associate with the super-standard institution. My high competence, exemplary academic qualifications and extensive experience in Finance and Statistics make me a better candidate for this admission. As indicated on my attached documents, I have unswervingly pursued my studies in Finance and Statistics with great determination and enthusiasm. I expect to graduate with an overall GPA of 3.4; an indication of my potential in exploiting deeper levels in this discipline. Masters in Statistics will meet both my long-time and short-time goals and lighten my business career. I have enormous experience in the business field as I have worked as an accountant assistant and studied other business related

Researched Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Researched - Research Paper Example This is made possible by taking maximum efforts to promote the factor of water reuse. NISP has dealt with water quality and supply issues by making great investments in water reuse which has begun to effectively manage future water needs without the need for excessive budget. NISP believes that there is a great need to use more aggressive water reuse strategies. It is believed by NISP that there are always better and more efficient ways to meet future water needs and deal with soil impurities. For example, another way by which NISP has achieved that end is by using means which are more budget and environment friendly. Though some NISP processes have been quite expensive so far (Poudre Waterkeeper), more and more straight forward and simple conservation strategies are in process now as a way to reduce costs. For example, increasing the level of public awareness is one such measure by which water conservation is being ensured. This is a simple technique which does not require greater costs and does not cause any harm also. Rewards are also given to customers who show interest in conservation in the form of lower costs. This can greatly help to accomplish two means, healthy rivers and improved water

Information privacy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information privacy - Coursework Example However, of the 3 top email providers in the country, only Yahoo ended up having their privacy policy being challenged the American court of law. The reason? Lance Corporal Justin Ellsworth was killed in Iraq on November 13, 2004. His grieving parents wanted to access his email account, which was held by Yahoo in confidence so that they could have some sort of closure and learn what the final days of their son was like. They approached Yahoo with their request and were declined by the company based upon their privacy policy. The parents then took the company to court in order to compel them to turn over the emails of their son based upon their right to their sons things as his parents. The case then became something for the U.S. courts to decide. Who should be given access to Lance Corporal Justin Ellsworth's emails? Is it alright to violate the trust that he gave Yahoo mail simply because he is now dead and will never know what they did? This paper hopes to delve deeper into the pri vacy concerns surrounding the case and hopefully answer the question as to whether it was right for Yahoo to have eventually turned over the emails of Ellsworth to his parents. ... After 90 days of inactivity, Yahoo deletes the account... there are important reasons why we feel it is important to uphold the preferences that are part of the agreement we have with our users regarding their privacy. â€Å" â€Å" (Hu, 2004) It is important to remember that Yahoo has a binding contract with Justin that stands legally even in the event of his death. As such, this would mean that the privacy of his emails shall be protected from all prying eyes. Specially since Justin did not die with a will that explicity allowed his parents access to his private email account. Therefore, Yahoo does have the right to withhold access to his email account even from his parents. However, the courts of the United States saw things otherwise and on April 21 2005, Yahoo was compelled to turn over the emails in Justin's account to his parents. This despite the company policy that was set into place to prevent such actions from taking place. Although Yahoo lost the battle in court, there is nothing in the ruling that would compel Yahoo to change their ruling pertaining to email privacy of the deceased. (Olsen, 2005) Yahoo turned over certain emails to the Ellsworths, emails which they felt were not sensitive in nature and thus would not violate the privacy policy and trust that Justin had placed in Yahoo services. The Ellsworths were expecting all of their son's emails but accepted the documents that Yahoo provided to them anyway. At least it gave them some sense of closure and gave them a peek into the last living days of their son. In my opinion, the courts should not have compelled Yahoo! Mail to turn over any of the emails to the

Is social networks a waste of time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is social networks a waste of time - Essay Example The article starts with the cons of social networks and as to how it is decreasing productivity amongst the workers. But this decreased productivity is not the only problem posed by the social networks as the problem expands to the younger generation. The younger ones have also been indulged with the social networks and it is found that many of them even log in to their accounts when they are in school. Thus it is not only affecting their school hours but is also affecting the way that they study. However in the conclusion the author puts forward different views about social networking. According to him the advantages overweigh the disadvantages if the portals are used perfectly. He believes that the students should be encouraged to use it in accordance to the positive uses of the portal so that the disadvantages can be minimized. I agree with Bernhard Warner as he puts both the disadvantages and advantages of social networks. But in my view the younger generation should be discourag ed to a certain extent so that the social networks do not hamper their study life. I agree with the view of Warner when he puts forward the views about the workers losing productivity because of excess usage of these networks. However these workers can use these social networking sites to their advantages. In some cases it is seen that the workers advertise through social networks and this can prove to be an advantage for many companies. In some way the companies can increase their productivity rather than the view put down by Warner. Similarly the theme of the article is the effect of social networking on students. Warner believes that the young generation uses social networks even in the schools during classes and this can prove to be a disadvantage for the schooling system. In my view he is quite right in putting forward the concern for these students as at such a tender age attentiveness is quite necessary in understanding the basic concepts of a subject. In my view social netwo rking can be a waste of time when used in unusual circumstances and the circumstances in which the students are using the social networks is quite wrong. In order to limit the usage of social networks in a schooling system certain measures are necessary. It is not necessary to completely stop the students from accessing these social networking sites but it is necessary that the students are kept under observation so that they do not access it in unusual times. Warner cites creativity as an advantage of the social networking sites if the students use it in the right way. Research has also shown that there are some educational benefits associated with social networking if it is used in the right way. I personally think that social networking does allow creativity to exist if used in the right way (Science Daily 2008). It can help to diffuse information all over the world about important topics such as HIV and poverty. Warner believes that the students should be encouraged to use socia l networking sites in a positive way so that this creativity can exist in these students. In my view they should be encouraged but a limit should also be enforced upon them where these social networking sites do not interfere with their academics. I also use Facebook as a communicating device through which I can easily talk to my family back home. In some case it is seen that social netwo

Library Management System Essay Example for Free

Library Management System Essay In today’s modern age where computer has become a way of life, it is evident that a majority of country’s institution still do not adapt high technology. Particularly in some schools, library transactions are still done on paper. We all know that modern school libraries are operating at great pace striving to serve as many students as possible with the best of their abilities. But as the years rolled by, the number of study has grown and the manual method of managing student and book records is no longer practical. A Library Management System is a system that makes use of information technology to perform managerial objects. The main goal of a library management information system is to store, organize, share and retrieve vital information needed to perform daily operational functions of the library. St. Matthew Academy of Cavite does not have one. Since library has a very large number of books and large number of members, it is impossible for librarians to handle day to day activities manually. Therefore, a library management system is used to facilitate the tasks in the library. With growing population and high demand of students, St. Matthew Academy of Cavite is in need of such system. And so this is the reason why the proponents came up with the idea of developing the system. By means of obtaining good performance of such system for the library, the level of production and effectiveness of the library will progress. Therefore, this proposal was conducted to develop a system that will minimize all paper works and manual records keeping, thus allowing the librarians and staff ease in keeping track of student records, reducing waiting time and increasing the number of students served – a system that is well-organized, efficient and user-friendly. Statement of the Problem. We had observed that the St. Matthew Academy of Cavite Library does not have a secured system to protect their records and files. The study aims to answer the problem, â€Å"How will the proposed system assure security for the files and records of the library? † Some library cards and other files are misplaced or lost due to improper storage. The study seeks answer to the problem, â€Å"How will the proposed system keep track and record all the files and information? † According to the librarian, paper works and manual process consume a lot of time which causes the transactions to be slow and inaccurate. †How will the proposed system produce accurate and fast transactions? † Importance of the Study St. Matthew Academy of Cavite is located in Niog 1, Bacoor Cavite that offers elementary and high school courses owned by Mr Efren L. de Guzman(School director). In the School library, the processes are done manually. A borrower should have a library card; this will serve as library pass/identification to avail the privileges to each student of the school. The student may enter the book section and search for a book. After choosing a book, he/she will take it to the librarian. The librarian will get the catalogue at the back of the book and fill the details on it. The student must surrender his/her library card. Today, the kind of process they are using is no longer convenient. With establishments like St. Matthew Academy of Cavite, Library Management System is necessary. We are already in the phase wherein a lot of technological advances are taking place which makes the proposal very suitable. Through the implementation of the said system, better results and improvements will take place and it will mainly contribute to the progress of the establishment. The users are the people for whom the system is being built for. Therefore, the Library management system will help satisfy the requirements of the user. Especially now that we are in the modern age where technology has become part of our lives, the system is very appropriate to fulfill the ever-changing needs of users. The researchers are the one responsible for meeting the user requirements. The study certainly adds knowledge and improves the researchers’ skill in developing a functional system that would satisfy their clients. The study unleashes their ability to investigate and come up with a system that makes them more effective and productive researchers. For the future researchers, the Library management system works for small library establishment only. Thus, if the future researchers will find the system appealing, they can come up with new ideas and enhance the system for a more useful and efficient system which can be used for larger libraries. Objectives of the Study In general, the study aims to provide a better system for the SMAC library that would help the librarians to make their work easier. The system is created to replace the manual lending, returning of books. Specifically it aims: 1. To plan for a system that will lessen all paper works and manual procedures to make transactions fast, accurate and accessible. 2. To analyze the function and performance of the library management system, understand the user’s need for the system. 3. To design a user-friendly system that is secured and protected that will help the users understand the functions and flow of the system. 4. To implement a system that will help librarians to keep all the records and transaction manageable. Time and Place of Study The proposed study was conducted at St. Matthew Academy of Cavite, located at Niog 1, Bacoor, Cavite, in the year 2012. Scope and Limitation In general, the focus of the study is to provide a better system for the SMAC library. The implementation of the Library management system will provide solutions for the existing problems within the library. The Library management system is intended to manage the transactions going throughout the library. It will enable the user to operate all the records that are entered to the system. The system maintains the record of the books in the library, borrowing and returning process of the books in the library. It includes the information of books such as title of the book, name of author, the date it was published. The end user of the system is the librarian or the one in charge of the library, which take care of the transactions inside the library. Developments and effectiveness are to be established in this proposal. However, every study has its own limitation. The limitations of the system are the following: Module of Books The user is capable of adding, editing, and searching of book information. The members can search for book title, author or subject by keywords through the OPAC(Public user interface). The OPAC only displays result of the searched book. The members are not capable of editing any records. The user is not capable of deleting records because this is an inventory. Module of Members The user is capable of adding new members, editing, searching and updating member’s information. The user is not capable of deleting members in the database. Module of Borrowed Books This module includes data of books which are issued or borrowed. The user is capable of adding records about issuance of books. Module of Returned Books This module includes data of books which are returned. The user is capable of adding of records. Module of Unreturned books This module includes the record of all unreturned books. Module of Penalty This module includes data of fine on members for late return of books, damage of books or lost books. It does not include printing of receipt. Module of Transaction This Module includes the transactions of borrowing and returning of books, and maintaining records of the book details, member info, date borrowed, due date, the date returned and penalty, if any. Definition of Terms Visual Basic – a programming language created with the main purpose of teaching programmers and developers how to design and develop GUI. Database- a collection of data (information) on a specific topic stored in an organized manner. Record- all of the information listed for one particular item (person, place or thing) in the database file. Search/Find –an operation to locate a specific record(s) that satisfies a statement or statements of criteria. OPAC (Public Interface of User) or simply Library Catalog is a database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Users search a library catalogprincipally to locate books and other material physically located at a library. Circulation- or library lending comprises the activities around the lending of library books and other material to users of a lending library. A circulation or lending department is one of the key departments of a library. Filipiniana- repository of materials regarding the Philippines either published within or outside the country, authored by a Filipino or foreign writers as long as it is about the Philippines. This section includes books in the different fields of endeavor. Reference – various books that are sources of information about different subjects. They include dictionaries, encyclopedias, manual, and other informational books. Most books in the Reference Section may not be taken out so that they are always available to those who need them. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Information System It has been a computer era. The computer revolution is greatly affecting the way human’s life. The task of the storage and retrieval for vest amount of information has been taken over almost entirely by computer system. The computer has made it possible to automate much of the information interchange and processing that constitute the nervous system of the society. The computer system that provides the automation is commonly called information system. It will be responsible for computer technology for long term impact on society especially in science like in the field of health and medicine, chemistry, mineral exploration, millitary tactics, finance, education, media and communications, economics, sports, transportation, photography and other related areas. The information storage and retrieval is an active area of computer to help related work both for hardware device and software system as it was stated, information storage and retrieval involves more than hardware devices and storage media alone. To make the physical equipment readily, usable it is necessary to operation associated with it are to add information and others. While many people are excited about all these uses of computer, many others are concerned about the problems like work displacement, invasion, privacy, and the personalization in business operatation. The advantages of a new technologyb are often obvious but the problemas that may arise are much more difficult to access. (Davis, 2005) Use Case Diagram A use case is a methodology used on system analysis to identify, clarify, and organize system requirements. The use case is made up of a set of possible sequences of interactions between systems and users in a particular environment and related to a particular goal. It consists of a group of elements that can be used together in a way that will have an effect larger than the sum of the separate elements combined should contain all system aactivities that have significance to the users. A use case can be thought of as a collection of possible scenarios related to a particular goal, indeed the use case and goal are sometimes considered to be synonymous. (Antoinette Michaella, 1999) Class Diagram A class diagram is an illustration of the relationships and source code dependencies among classes in the unified modeling language (UML). In this context, a class defines the methods and variables in an object which is a specific entity in a program or the unit of code representing that entity. Class diagrams are useful in all forms of object oriented programming (OOP). The concept is several years old but has been refined as OOP modeling pardigms have evolved. The classes are arranged in groups that share comon characteristics. A class diagram resembles a flowchart in which classes are portrayed in boxes. Each box having three rectangles inside. The top rectangle contains the name of the class; the middle rectangle contains the attributes of the class; the lower rectangle contains the methods, also called operations, of the class lines, which may have arrows at one or both ends, connect the boxes. These lines define the relationship, also called association, between the classes. (Francis Michael, 2001) Related Studies on the Proposed Study Saint Vincent High School Library System The objective of Saint Vincent High School Library System is to impelement a system to facilitate the borrowing of books in the school. The Library contributes to the quality of services offered in the academic community, making it an excellent place for study and research. The Library is responsive units that have adapted and changed substantially over the years. (Pomperada, 2011) El Segundo Unified School District Library System The School Libraries of the El Segundo Unified School District are deeply involved with the El Segundo Public Library. The Public Library shares the Automated Circulation and on-line Public Access Catalog System with the School Libraries. The School Libraries serve as branches of the El Segundo Public Library. This collaboration means the El Segundo Public Library Card is used at the School Libraries. Anyone visiting the Public Library and using the Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) can locate and request any book in any of the libraries. Using the Interlibrary loan system, books are shared between the school libraries and the Public Library. Books can also be pooled together to assist a teacher with a research assignment. UCV Library System The University of Cagayan Valley Library System is an important part of UCV instructions. These are the heart and brain centers of the University, and special place to do research and thorough study. The libraries provide each college with intellectual, up to date high tech resources to support its educational programs. (Del Rosario, 2008) Table 1 shows the comparison of local studies features with the features of the proposed system. |FEATURES |SVHS |ESUSD |UCV |SMAC | |Checking of penalties | | | | | |Viewing of records | | | | | |Updating of Records | | | | | |Adding of Members | | | | | |OPAC | | | | | Table 2. Comparison of Local Studies features with the Proposed Study Legend: SVHS- Saint Vincent High School ESUSD – El Segundo Unified School District UCV University of Cagayan Valley METHODOLOGY The Model chosen for the study is Waterfall Model. The following are the verification phases: Figure 1. Waterfall Model The Planning Phase, the researchers determine the nature and scope of the development. In this phase, the researcher gathered all the information about their process. The procedure was conducted by interviewing the librarian to learn the process of borrowing books from the library. The librarian provided sufficient and useful information on how the manual borrowing of books in the library is conducted. The system’s physical interface, data purpose, etc. , was reviewed by the researchers. The Analysis Phase, the researchers analyzed the user’s needs for the system. In this phase, the system shall be defined in more detail with regard to system inputs, processes, outputs and interfaces. The system shall be described in terms of the functions to be performed. The document for system testing was prepared in this phase. The Design Phase, describes how the proposed system will be built. It defines the specifications, plans, parameters, activities, processes. The researchers designed a well-structured GUI to make it appropriate for the users. It must be user-friendly and secured. The Testing Phase, a particular process or method for trying or assessing. The system needs to be evaluated and tested before it will be used in SMAC Library. A sequence of test was held by the proponents to emphasize all possible problems that may occur. The Implementation Phase, the carrying out, execution or practice of a design. It encompasses all the processes involved in getting new software or hardware operating properly in its environment, including installation, configuration and running, testing and making neccesary changes. The Maintenance Phase, the last phase of the system wherein all areas of operations and maintenace are performed. The system is being used and monitored to ensure that it meets the needs initially stated in the planning phase. Design Maintenance Implementation Testing Analysis Planning.

Risk management in project development

Risk management in project development Risk Management In Software development Abstract: Risks are always associated with any kind of project development. It is important to identify and control the risks associated with any project as important it is to develop a project. Especially with software projects there are many unexpected problems which may hinder the software development process. It is crucial to control these risks from the technical development of components for a project to be successful. Hence the software industry is seeing software development risk management as an important practice to minimize the occurrence of risks associated with the project. This research papers gives an insight into various risks associated with software development and the methods to reduce these risks. Introduction: Risk management is a very interesting topic in todays world. Now as days we see that software is an essential part of any application and is used in every company for various purposes. Software has become an important part of life and is practically used in everyday life for various purposes. Now days, due to increase in software companies and usage of internet, a lot of complex and large software projects are developed. These projects have constraints of resources, cost and schedule. So it becomes necessary to build these projects risk free as there are many factors and constraints associated with it. In the present competitive world, there are a lot of companies making various softwares which are large scale and small scale. With this huge scope developing software, comes the risks of managing and developing successful software. Technology is advanced tremendously but still the problems and risks related to software development exist. Research has shown that 85% of all projects being developed fail due to various risks associated with project development. Out of these 40% completely fail due to incomplete requirements and 46% due to cost and schedule over runs and improper functionality. So, effective risk management is important for successful project development. Risk: A Risk is the occurrence of an event which can adversely affect or hinder the development process. A risk is any event which is likely to happen or not but if it does happen will have a negative effect on the project. Risk cannot be classified into various categories but it is the types of risks that need to be identified which are associated with a project. The risks may vary from managing team members, resources and changing environment or technology. Technical risks lie at the heart of most of the causes of software project failures. Technical risks can be defined as the possibility that the application of software engineering theory, principles, and techniques will fail to yield the right software product. Technical risk is comprised of the underlying technological factors that may cause the final product to be: overly expensive, delivered late, or unacceptable to the customer. (Dhlamini, J. 2009) Risk Management and Factors Responsible for Risks: Risk Management can be defined as An application of appropriate tools and procedures to contain risk within acceptable limits by identifying, addressing, and eliminating potential problems before they damage a project.(Dhlamini, J. 2009). It contains processes, methods and tools for managing risks associated with a software project. The basic aim of risk management is to early analyze and identify the risks associated with the project development and take the necessary steps change the course of action to minimize the risks. Risk Management is basically a continuous and formalized process of assessment which requires a team-oriented and needs open communication between all the members. The various factors responsible for risks in development of software projects are scope, resources, cost, communication, integration, time scale, quality and contracts. Every factor has its own risk and affects the project development in a way if not managed properly. Like if the project is outsourced there are times when the communication is not clear between the offshore and onshore team. Most of the times to cut the costs the management, might not use the right sources required for the project resulting in a failure. Sometimes the requirements are not defined properly with may result into a product which is not per the expectations thus affecting the quality of the product. At times, while the project is half way through and there is a change in the technology and company policy which may affect the project. Many times, stakeholder conflicts may also affect the project cost and deadline. Integration is also an issue if many teams are participating in project development. Risk Management Models: There have been various approaches and models proposed for software risk management based on the research on the risks associated with projects and the experiences of the project managers and professionals. There are a few basic approaches for risk management. They are traditional and risk-oriented method. The traditional approach is very generic to all the projects deals with the risks associated with all the projects in general and specific to a particular project. The second approach is risk-oriented which deals with identifying the risks associated with a specific project and aims to deal with those risks before they harm the project. Goal Driven Software Development Risk Management model is a risk-oriented approach to deal with the risks associated with the software project development. There are many such models that were proposed like the first one proposed by Barry Boehm in 1988. His proposed a framework by collecting all the requirements and measures together. SEI (Software Engineering Institute-1997) also proposed a risk management framework. The goal of this framework was to help the manager, developers and other decision makers to identify the risks at an early stage of development, so that appropriate measures can be taken at the right time to minimize the risk. Karolak in 1996 also proposed a model for risk management to handle high level risks. This model proposed a model to handle the risks which affect the cost and time of project development. The various methodologies for risk management are given below: a) Goal Driven Software Development Risk Management Model (GSRM): The GSRM is risk management approach which consists of a model of four layers to manage risks in software development. The advantage of using a layered approach is that any technique can be applied to any layer at any time without affecting the other layers. The diagram for the GSRM is shown below, Goal Layer: This is the first layer in GSRM where identifying, elaborating and modeling of goals are done based on the components to be developed for project to be successful. Success of a project can be defined as anything like meeting the deadlines, within estimated cost, fully functional project, meeting the user requirements, etc. So, success means identifying all the technical component development to be done as early as possible. In GSRM, the goals can be identified as project scope, business needs, user requirement, cost estimation, schedule, etc. So these goals in the development process must be ensured to be within project scope, maintained under decided budget and to realistic time scale, achieve all the business needs and reduce risks based on the nature of project, for a successful project development. Many times these goals may be too high so they are divided into small goals which can be achieved at different levels of abstraction. So it is important to attain these small goals to attain the final goal. Due to this, it is easy to model the development components where satisfying the goal makes it easy to final project fulfillment. (Islam, S. 2009) Risk-Obstacle Layer: This is the second layer in the GSRM model, which identifies the risks associated with the project development. These risks can be considered as potential obstacles which are identified from the early developed components and can affect the project goal. Many times there are processes that depend on each other and if there is an obstacle in one of the process it may cause obstruction in other processes also. Obstacles can be due to human error, wrong information, vague/incomplete requirements, miscommunication, wrong technology implementation, etc which may obstruct the achievement of goals resulting in affecting the time scale and cost of development. So risk obstacle identification is done through questionnaire, cross checking the requirements and brainstorming with the stakeholders. A set of brainstorming session and questionnaire is followed after the initial set of components developed to identify the risks before they worsen. These risks are then assessed by the assessment laye r. (Islam, S. 2009) Assessment Layer: This is the third layer in GSRM, where the risk is properly analyzed and explained the event that caused the risk to occur. The risk event that has caused the risk has two properties: likelihood and severity. Severity increases the negative impact of the risk event and likelihood is the possibility of a risk occurring due to the event. There are some risk factors that can give rise to one risk event which may cause many obstacles leading to disturbing the final goal. So this allows in analyzing the various risk factors and the impact that these risks will have on the set of goals to be achieved. So this layer considers risks metrics to identify the likelihood of occurrence of the risk event due to the risk factors. These risk metrics considers the risk factors, risk occurrence likelihood and risk severity for analyzing and measuring the risks which makes the process very easy and simple to identify the risks at early stage of development. For the assessment this model uses Bayesians subjective probability for analyzing the risks events that occurred due to risk factors. In this model, on those risk events that have a negative effect on the goals to achieve are considered. So, this layer basically gives the risks in the order of likelihood and severity that may affect the satisfaction of the final goal to be achieved through obstruction link. (Islam, S. 2009) Treatment Layer: This is the last layer in the model and this layer is to identify the set of actions that can be taken to reduce the risks and also selects the most appropriate action required for the particular risk so as to minimize the effect of the risk in achieving the final goal. Basically, this layer comes into action when the goals, risk factors and risk events have been identified and analyzed by the previous layers and a cost effective measure is required to be implemented to achieve the goal. For this, there can be various agents within the development environment like humans or some tools are used to satisfy the goals. So it is very important to consider the cost benefit of using a particular agent. Hence it becomes very much necessary to model, reason and trace a situation in the software development atmosphere to control and minimize the risks to attain the final goal. (Islam, S. 2009) Boehms Model: Boehm proposed a model in 1988 for risk management in software development. This model was based on spiral model and proposed a framework for minimizing the impact on risk by integrating risk management methods into software development model. The main idea behind this approach is to remove the anticipated risks at an early stage to avoid their occurrence and effect on the later stages of development. (Dhlamini, J. 2009) Boehms model stated that risk management can be divided into two subcategories i.e. Risk control and Risk Assessment. Risk Assessment can again be sub-divided into risk identification, risk analysis and risk prioritization. Risk Control can be sub-divided into risk management planning, risk resolution and risk monitoring. In risk assessment, the risks are basically identified, their impacts are analyzed and a priority is set based on the impact of analyzed risks. Then in Risk Identification all the possible risks that can arise during the project development phase. So this consists on maintaining checklists, suggestions, documentation, assumption analysis and decomposition. The risk analysis stage where the potential of the risk is identified and the probability of its occurrence. It includes the analysis of performance and network. Now once the risk is identified and analyzed comes the risk prioritization stage. In this stage the risk is prioritized based on the value of the impact of that risk. This basically helps in exposing the risk so that it can be taken care of before it aggravates. (Dhlamini, J. 2009) An example for the above can be given as below where the risk factors affecting Satellite Experiments software are given in the table below. The table below shows various factors affecting the project development. The column of Unsatisfactory Outcome shows the various reasons affecting the project. The second column shows the probability of that occurrence on the scale of 1-10. The third column shows the loss occurrence and the last column shows risk exposure. Software Engineering Institute (SEI): The framework provided by the SEI for software risk management is to enable three groups, namely the Software Risk Evolution (SRE), Continuous Risk Management (CRM) and Team Risk Management (TRM). The main motive behind developing this framework is to enable the decision makers like the stakeholders, customers, managers and engineers to identify the risks associated with the software development cycle like analysis, requirement gathering, developing, integrating and testing, so that appropriate minimizing strategies can be applied at the right time. These methodologies have relatively three fundamentally different objects i.e. risk prevention, risk mitigation and correction and ensuring safe system failure. To achieve these three objectives there are seven principles for risk management. (Dhlamini, J. 2009) They are, Shared Product Vision: It focuses on results. It is based on sharing product vision related to a common purpose and shared ownership. Teamwork: It defines working together as a team for achieving a common goal by pooling skills, talents and knowledge. Global Perspective: The system design and development is viewed from a global perspective of building a larger system. Identifying the potential of the final product from a global perspective and also the impact of adverse effects like cost and time overrun or not meeting the requirements. Open Communication: Making sure that communication is open between all the members involved in the project at all levels. By supporting formal and informal communication where required. Supports a consensus-based process where individual is allowed to give an opinion regarding the risk associated with the project. Forward-Looking View: It thinks about tomorrow, identifies the associated uncertainties and possible outcomes along with managing project resources and activities. Integrated Management: Making risk management an integral part of project development process. Adopting risk management tools and methodologies to project development process. Identification is the first step in SEI model. In this step the issues which will affect the project goal are identified. In the next step of analysis, these risks are analyzed by the decision makers to work on these risks. In the planning stage these risks are prioritized in the order of value which might affect the final goal. Then each risk in the order of priority is taken into consideration and a study is done on that risk is done during planning so that an appropriate action can be taken against them to avoid the risk and minimizing their impact. Then proper measures are taken so as to make sure that are risks are handled as they are planned. Thus tracking of all the measures taken is done to see if things are going as planned and all the necessary control measures are executed. Communication present at the center of the model facilitates connection between all the steps in the model. (Dhlamini, J. 2009) While implementing the SEI model all the activities follow a sequence of steps. The risk and mitigation database lies at the center of the model and is responsible for all the communication between various activities. It is responsible for identifying all the risks and making an entry for all the new risks that have been identified. Risks like cost overrun, increase in time scale, resources problem, vague requirements, improper functionality, improper testing, inefficient testing tools and no time for testing. Many times the risks are identified before they arise actually. Like increase in the cost of development, lack of proper resources or incomplete requirements. At times when huge projects are to be handled, they are generally broken into smaller sub-parts. (Dhlamini, J. 2009) In each sub-part different methods and criteria of handling risks. In this case, there is less time and cost required to handle these risks and is efficiently handled. These risks are prioritized based on their impact value, dependency, cost and resources required to minimize them. Risk mitigation plan is then made based on the priority of the risk, so as to give preference to high probability risk. This plan is documented so as to keep a track all the risks in the order of priority and a record of all the risks that are handled and ones remaining. This plan is then updated on regular basis as and when a risk is taken care of and they no longer exist. (Dhlamini, J. 2009) Riskit Method: Riskit Method was proposed by Jyrki Kontio in 1996 which mainly focused on goals and stakeholders. This model is very much based on theoretical concepts based on the experience. This model was proposed based on the previous developers experience. The main characteristics of this model are fully operational definition of process, risk management, scope, focus, authority, processes and steps for identifying and defining goals of the project. Riskit method has five elements of risk. Risk Elements in Riskit Method: Risk Factor: It is an attribute which may affect the likelihood of occurrence of a risk. Risk Event: It is an event of occurrence of a negative incident. Risk Outcome: It is a situation that occurs between the risk occurrence and before corrective measures implemented. Risk reaction: It is an action taken in response to the occurrence of the risk and the effect of the risk occurrence. Risk Effect Set: It is the effect of the risk event occurrence and the set of characteristics which are affected by the risk event. The seven steps in Riskit process are: Risk Management Mandate Definition: In this step the scope and frequency of risk management are defined with all the stakeholders being recognized. The output of this step is to mandate risk management like how, why, when, where, what, whom, etc. Goal Review: In this step all the predefined goals of the project are reviewed and refined and the new refined goals are clearly defined. Then the stakeholders associations analyze the redefined goal. Risk Identification: In this step, various potential risks associated with the project are identified and listed down. Risk Analysis: In the analysis phase, all the identified risks are classified in the order of priority. These risks effects are then estimated for all the possible scenarios. Then the probability of utility losses due to these risks is estimated. Finally, a graph is prepared based on the estimated risks and their scenarios. Risk Control Planning: Now, once the risks have been graphed based on their value of impact, the most important risk is taken for risk control planning. Then all the members decide and propose control actions to be taken for a particular risk. Then a controlling action is decided and finalized. Finally, the decided action is taken to control the risk. Risk Control: In this phase, the action for risk control decided in the previous stage is executed, resulting in reduced risks. Risk Monitoring: After the risk control stage, the risks are monitored to check their situation resulting risk status. (Dhlamini, J. 2009) FMEA Technique: FMEA technique is a risk management technique which stands for Failure Mode Effect Analysis. These days due to heavy competition companies realize the need for innovation but fear failure or sometimes ignore the risks associated with it, resulting in failure. Due to bad design, implementation and testing it may result in heavy loss, incomplete functionality or even decline in market share. To overcome this fear of failure and we need a process that will identify the failure modes that will damage customer satisfaction, recognize the reason for failure and see the causes of failure. This will help to identify the critical failure areas and take the necessary action to avoid the situation. So FMEA technique is used which provides a tool for recognizing the risk areas from design to production which may lead to failure. (Stunell, P. 2003) The FMEA process consists of a certain steps. The first step is identification of the risks that can occur during the project development process from design to development. In this step, first raw information is gathered from the stakeholders, managers and team members and previous projects in a structured format so that a knowledge base is create to identify all the potential risks that can arise leading to project failure. The next step is to assign a value to that risk based on its probability of occurrence, the impact of risk and detection based on the analysis of team members, stakeholders and other professionals. Then a Risk Priority Number (RPN) which is used to identify the probability of occurrence of a risk and the effect of its occurrence. This will help in taking a corrective measure at the right time so that the product goes as decided and has customer satisfaction.RPN uses rating scales based on the severity of the consequence for a particular risk, probability of the failure due to its occurrence and probability of a risk occurrence. (Stunell, P. 2003) The rating is done on the scale of 1 to 5 or 1 to 10 based on this rating the severity of the risk is calculated. For example, in the rating of 1 to 5, generally a risk whose value is 5 is very likely to occur than the one having a value 1. The figure below shows a scale of 1 to 5. Then once this is done a graph or scatter plot is created based on the RPN and risk value. Then based on these calculated values a priority list is created for all the risks. A risk response plan is created after the priority is created and the risks are re-evaluated based on the RPN and risk value. Once the risk is identified then accordingly the corrective steps are taken to reduce the risk. After the action is taken again, the calculations are done to see the effectiveness of the action. This helps in knowing the percentage reduction in RPN. (Stunell, P. 2003) Advantages Disadvantages of Risk Management: Advantages: Risk Management helps in early detection of problems associated with the project. It helps in preparing the development team to face the future problems. It reduces overall cost of the development which might increase due to risks associated with the project. Helps in taking the right steps like proper developers, technologies, time scale, etc. Disadvantages: It takes time during the initial stages as it requires analysis and information gathering on the possible risks associated with the project. It may also increase the overall cost of development. My View-Point: This paper is based on my research on the various risks associated with the project development and the methods to minimize these risks. Since the advancement of technology and scope for software development a lot of complex projects are developed. But there are always some risks associated with the development of these large scale projects. Risks can be like cost increase, resources problem, time schedule and many more. Many methods are proposed based on the experience of the managers and other professionals to avoid and minimize the risks associated with software project development. Based on my experience with projects and understanding of these methods I feel that risk management is as important as project development. Risk Management should be a part of software development cycle because it important to manage and identify the risks associated with the development as important it is to develop a full functional product under the given time and cost to satisfy the customer. Many times unexpected problems may arise during the development phase or testing phase which may result in backtrack to the design phase resulting in increasing cost and time scale. At times, developers may leave a project half-way which may result in resource problem. So risk management implementation in project development may give the stakeholders, developers and managers to time to analyze the risks associated with the development and prepare themselves risks to come in advance. From my research on the above methods of risk management, I feel that goal driven approach and FMEA technology are better to be used for various types of project. Goal Driven Software Development Risk Management Model is a goal based approach. In this model the goals of the project are defined at the very start of the project like the error free requirements, end user involvement, scope, business needs, realistic time scale, cost estimation and managing resources. This will reduce the occurrence of unexpected problems during the development process. Even if a risk arises unexpectedly, it has a series of steps to follow like the obstacle- link layer for the obstacles that arise for a decided goal to achieve. Then the analysis layer which is used to analyze the obstacle and the treatment layer where a proper action is taken based on the analysis layer. This approach is really good for small and medium sized projects as they are with one team and the user can be in direct communication with them and the team knows the whole development cycle. FMEA technology is mainly used in managing risks in large complex projects. In this technology first the risks which are likely to occur are decided based on the experience of senior professionals and stakeholders. Then, this raw information is made as a knowledge base and all the other risks are also identified. Then these risks are prioritized based on their value of impact on the project development. After that these risks are analyzed and a document is made. Then based on this analysis a corrective method is decided and implemented to reduce the risk. This really helps in large projects because the basic risks are associated with all the teams working on the project but few risks are face by the teams working on different modules. So these teams have their own set of risks to handle and the basic ones of they occur. This will reduce the time and cost in risk management as teams will face their own small risks to handle rather than a single team on large project handling all the r isks alone. So FMEA technology can be used for managing risks in large scale projects. Other projects are equally useful but they cannot be implemented alone. They are combined with other models to control risks associated with software development. 7) Conclusion: Risk Management is an integral part of any project development cycle. It is something that the software industry needs to pay equal attention to as software development. This is because the statistics show that more than 70% of the projects fail due to various reasons and risks associated with them. There have been studies done in this area and professionals have proposed and implemented various methods for risk management. But still this problem does exist in the industry. Project development should plan a risk management plan along with the development plan to make sure that the project is completed on time, within the estimated cost and to the full satisfaction of the customer. Thus Risk management is very beneficial and extremely important for any project to be successful and satisfy the customer needs. 8) References: Boehm, B. (1989). Software acquisition gold practiceà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ formal risk management. Retrieved from http://www.goldpractices.com/practices/frm/ Boehm, B. (1991). Software risk management: principles and practices. IEEE Software, 8(1), Retrieved from http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=625015 doi: 10.1109/52.62930 Boehm, B. (1998, 12 5). Software risk management. Retrieved from http://sunset.usc.edu/classes/cs510_2003/notes/ec-files/Software_Risk_Management.ppt Boban, M. (2003, 11 02). Strategies for successful software development risk management . Retrieved from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:HeDQ2Ow8nUYJ:www.efst.hr/management/Vol8No2-2003/4-boban-pozgaj-sertic.doc+risk+management+in+software+developmentcd=16hl=enct=clnkgl=us Dhlamini, J. (2009). Intelligent risk management tools for software development. Proceedings of the 2009 Annual Conference of the Southern African Computer Lecturers Association, 33-40. Examining risk priority numbers in fmea. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.reliasoft.com/newsletter/2q2003/rpns.htm Islam , S. (2009). Software development risk management model: a goal driven approach. Proceedings of the doctoral symposium for ESEC/FSE on Doctoral symposium, 5-8. Prikladnicki, R. (n.d.). Risk management in software development: a position paper. Retrieved from http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:EkxHkf-j8d4J:gsd2004.cs.uvic.ca/camera/prikladnicki.pdf+risk+management+in+software+developmenthl=engl=uspid=blsrcid=ADGEESi3waZpt2SvUyFxBL_yCBTqZw3dRNjeK-Q9UorompBDJtxpg4tyvOhcf-25jgS1-2GymhNqyjtfKrUdMVgqa8wPaUo35ZJ_GCCzvA7V7Abvtz6hkEWK2N0BkcCAn5F36b1jpaGzsig=AHIEtbRhFabMWP1F7cCeNUCDQUVFhhh3Hw Stunell, P. (2003). How to Improve productivity in design and development. Retrieved from http://www.stunell.com/PDFs/Engineering%20FMEA-Version-2-2.pdf William, L. (2008, 08 14). Risk management. Retrieved from http://openseminar.org/se/modules/21/index/screen.do

An Argument Against the Death Penalty :: Death Penalty Argumentative Persuasive Papers

An eyewitness to the execution of John Evans in Alabama describes this scene from the final moments of a death penalty sentence being carried out: "The first jolt of 1900 volts of electricity passed through Mr. Evans' body. It lasted thirty seconds. Sparks and flame erupted from the electrode tied to his leg. His body slammed against the straps holding him in the electric chair and his fist clenched permanently. A large puff of grayish smoke and sparks poured out from under the hood that covered his face. An overpowering stench of burnt flesh and clothing began pervading the witness room. Two doctors examined Mr. Evans and declared that he was not dead." It took three jolts of electricity and 14 minutes before John Evans was declared dead (Radelet, "Facing the Death Penalty"). Throughout history, various forms of executions such as this one have taken place as a punishment for crime. In 1976, the United States reinstated the death penalty after having revoked it in 1972 on the grounds that it "violated the Constitution's ban on cruel and unusual punishment" (MacKinnon, "Ethics" 289). Since its reinstatement, the morality of such punishment has been extensively debated. I argue that the death penalty cannot be morally justified on the basic grounds that killing a human being as a form of punishment is wrong. A major argument supporting capital punishment is that it serves as a deterrent to crimes - specifically, murder. However, this argument requires that the would be killer would take at least a moment to consider what the consequences of murder within our legal system are. This assumes that the killer is capable of such reasoning, and that the crime would be considered before it occurred. In fact, "those who commit violent crimes often do so in moments of passion, rage and fear - times when irrationality reigns" (Information, "Capital Punishment" 107). Whether or not a murder or crime is premeditated, there are statistics existing that cause us to question how supportive an argument of deterrence can be. In 1989, Senator Edward M. Kennedy, appearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee said that if we look at other Western democracies, "Not one of those countries has capital punishment for peacetime crimes, and yet every one of them has a murder rate less than half that of the United States" (Information, "Capital Punishment" 110). The Information Series on capital punishment also says that states that FBI statistics from 1976-1987 show that "In the twelve states where executions take place, the murder rate is.

Stoker And Rices Books About Vampires :: essays research papers

Stoker and Rice's Books About Vampires Bram Stoker's Dracula and Anne Rice's series The Vampire Chronicles are books about vampires. The way the two authors write about the vampires' powers, the way they live and how they are created and destroyed prove that two books about the same subject can be different in many ways. It also shows how the vampire legend has evolved over a long period of time. Special powers are used in both of the authors writings. A few of the powers are the same, or very close to it, in each account. enhaced or super- human strenth is one of these abilites. On page 7 in Anne Rice's book The Vampire Lestat, her main chacter Lestast says â€Å"As for my strength, well it was three times what it had once been. I could bend a copper penny double.† After becoming a vampire he notices his super human strength. Not much is written about Stoker's use of super-strength for Count DraculaTherefore, One tends to believe that Dracula in fact did not have enhanced strength. Stoker did use the power of morphing into animals in his novel. In Dracula , the Count can morph into a bat and he can turn into a greyish-green mist. He uses these powers so humans dont detect his presence. As a gas he can pass by humans without them even noticing and as a bat he can cover more ground in a shorter amount of time. Rice's novels mention nothing of being able to morph into a bat, mist or anything else for that matter. The ability to fly is used in each novel but they are used very differently. In Dracula the count can fly but, in order to do this he must turn into a bat and fly as a bat would fly. More powerful vampires in The Vampire Chronicles can fly as , for example, super man would fly. In order for a vampire to fly it requires lots of energy and a great force of will Lestat says â€Å" It was as if a current of air had caught me. I went up hundereds of feet in one instant, and then the clouds were below me-a white light that I could scarcely see. I decided to drift.† (Rice, Queen of the damned 286) Mental powers are used extensivly in both of the authors' creations. Mind reading is common in The Vampire Chronicles. Vampires in the Chronicles can not read the minds of vampires they themselves have created or minds that are skillfully cloaked against them.

Catabolic Relationships Essay example -- Literary Analysis, Bill Boast

As seen in many stories throughout history, love and relationships have perpetually been complicated. The themes of tragic sacrifices in the relationships of Marc Antony and Cleopatra, King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson, and Layla and Majnun are continued in modern literature. Sacrifice is a theme that has, and forever will be prevalent in literature because it is an admirable deed, yet requires a perfect balance. Careful analysis of the relationships in the post-modern short stories Coda by Will Boast, How We Handle Pain by Evan James Roskos, and Okeechobee by Claudia Zuluaga, produces a rich understanding of the universal truth that relationships require not just sacrifice, but harmonious immolation. When introduced in Will Boast’s short story, Coda, Tim and Kate’s relationship has already failed. The couple dated for years and got engaged, but eventually called off the engagement. As the story progresses, Tim reflects on both the merit of the relationship and the cause of its failure. After breaking into Kate’s apartment, Tim searches for and finds his old engagement ring. He gazes at the gold symbol of unending love, and then sees a picture of him and Kate beside it. â€Å"I was looking straight into the camera, but Kate was turned to me with a shy smile on her face. My favorite picture of her. You could see she was in love† (Boast 4). Even after six months of separation, Tim thirsts for his lost love. Though he recognizes the chaotic, uncooperative environment, in which the relationship was nourished. Kate is a lawyer and Tim is a musician, leading them to live, â€Å"disjointed lives, but for a long time that didn’t matter. Kate would leave the apartment at seven every morning, eager to make an impression at her new practice. At noo... ...ely needed to accept her actions and participate in sacrifice by giving back. Indeed, love is often described as sacrifice, but a more fitting definition is unmistakably, a balance of sacrifice. In these short stories, the common failure of a relationship, due to the lack of sacrifice, the common unhappiness, as a result of too much (or undesired) sacrifice, and the common unworthy attitude and refusal to sacrifice, are all exemplified. In a relationship, the idea is that two become one -thus, requiring some surrender- but the two must not forget their former identities. Truly, for a successful relationship, sacrificial equilibrium must be found; for at equilibrium, the reactants and the product are able to coexist. Each person must give up parts of their former self for the relationship to properly function, but one’s own identity must not be completely forgone.

Carlos P. Garcia Term Paper

PRESIDENT CARLOS P. GARCIA A TERM PAPER PRESENTED TO MS. EMELITA P. SAMALA HISTORY DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS ALFREDO M. VELAYO COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR PHISTPG 1ST SEMESTER S. Y. 2012-2013 BY KELVIN ANGELES SHAIRA BRAVO AIA CHAN ANA DOCALLOS SEPTEMBER 24, 2012 INTRODUCTION Carlos P. Garcia is the eighth president of the Philippines and the fourth president of the Third Republic of the Philippines after he succeeded the remaining eight months of the term left by Pres. Ramon Magsasysay after dying from a plane crash.He was president again after winning the 1957 election. He was one of the presidents who has been exposed to politics for long and have had many experiences. He has been a governor, congressman, senator, and vice- president. Indeed, he is one of those educated presidents, proven by a Law degree. Even before he was president, he has already shown his willingness to make Philippines a better country. He was one of those who helped in collaborating with USA to seek for assistance just for the recovery and reconstruction of the Philippines from the war.The highlights of his administration were the Filipino First Policy (which is said to be what he is known for), Austerity Program (that didn’t became that successful), Bohlen–Serrano Agreement, and many more. They said that the main focus of his administration is to improve the economy of the Philippines and make it independent to other countries from its needs. Can we really consider former Pres. C. P. Garcia one of the best presidents of the Philippines? Did his programs and laws benefited and made Philippines a better country? Did he fulfill conscientiously all his duties as a president?Let us know more about the economic policies Pres. C. P. Garcia has made for the improvement of the Philippines. But first, let us discover who Carlos P. Garcia before he became a president. BIOGRAPHY Carlos Polistico Garcia was born in Talibon, Bohol o n November 4, 1896. His parents, Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polistico, were both natives of Bangued, Abra. His father, Policronio was a sailor and farmer who became the town mayor of Talibon for fifteen consecutive years. While his mother, Ambrosia was a devout Catholic and an exemplary housewife who was proficient in leading the novena or prayers for the patron saints.He had four brothers; Leoncio, Cosme, Cipriano and Lucio and one sister named Primitiva being him the second to the oldest. Garcia pursued the primary course in the Talibon Central Elementary School during the school year 1903-1904. His first teacher in Spanish and the vernacular was Catalina Auguis Torrefiel (â€Å"Maestra Talina†). Lucio Alingasa, Sr. was his first teacher in English. He completed his elementary education in Talibon graduating at the head of his class in 1910. He then studied in the Cebu High School completing only the second of the secondary course.His father Policronio, advised him to b ecome a public school teacher in the belief that at the age of sixteen he was yet too young to pursue his studies. After two years of teaching in the public schools of Trinidad and Ubay, he resigned to continue his studies. As a classroom teacher, he was under regular status at P25. 00 per month. He took his third year secondary studies at Silliman Institute in Dumaguete, Negros Oriental. In his senior year in high school, he decided to return to the Cebu High School graduating as class valedictorian in 1916.It was during this time when he won the Carlock gold medal for excellence in oratory. He was once an editor of the school paper when he was in the Cebu High School. He was at the same time a reporter of Cebu’s weekly newspapers in English. He took law at Philippine Law School, now Philippine College of Criminology in the school year 1919-1923. He was permitted to pursue the law course because at that time a preparatory law course was not required for admission. He obtaine d many titles and won prizes in different contests. In 1919, he was elected president of the freshman class.He was also elected speaker pro-tempore of the Junior House and senator of the Junior Senate. He became secretary of the law school’s Club Cervatino, member of the Lex Club, and the 1921 winner of the Callaghan prize in oratory. In 1922, he was awarded the West Publishing Company prize for obtaining the highest general average during his first year in the College of Law. The Lawyer’s cooperative Publishing Company Prize was awarded to him as law class valedictorian in 1923. He had been recipient of the Malcolm’s four-year law course scholarship prizes for academic excellence.He finished the Bachelor of Laws degree in 1923, at the Philippine Law School as Valedictorian (magna cum laude). He placed 7th in the bar examinations of 1923 despite serious illness, obtaining the highest rating among the Manila law class valedictorians of that year. Rather than prac tice law right away, he worked as a teacher for two years at Bohol Provincial High School. He became famous for his poetry in Bohol, where he earned the nickname â€Å"Prince of Visayan Poets† and the â€Å"Bard from Bohol†. He started his political career on 1925.In 1925, he was elected as Congressman of the third District of Bohol and served for three consecutive terms. In 1933, he was elected as Governor of Bohol. He was elected as a senator in 1941, but his service was interrupted by the war in the Pacific. But he did not surrender and he did not serve in the government sponsored by Japanese of the Philippines. He joined the guerillas and went to the mountains. He was married to Leonila Dimataga on May 24, 1933. Leonila was known as â€Å"Inday†, a native of Opon and a professional pharmacist. They had only one child named Linda Garcia-Ocampos.When the Commonwealth government was re-instated, he reassumed his position as a senator and became the Majority Flo or Leader. He participated in several missions to Washington to work for the approval of the Philippine Rehabilitation and War Damage Claims. He was a delegate to the World Conference at San Francisco to draft the charter of the United Nations Organization in May 1945. He was elected again as a senator in the 1946 elections. When he was in the Senate, he was chairman and member of numerous key committees, among them government reorganization, foreign affairs, public works, army and navy, and justice.He was also a member of the Senate Electoral Tribunal. From 1947 to 1953 he was vice president of the Nacionalista party directorate Garcia He was the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the presidential election of 1953. He was appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs by President Ramon Magsaysay, for four years concurrently serving as vice-president. As secretary of foreign affairs, he negotiated to Japan to end the nine-year technical state of war between Japan and the Philippines, leadi ng to an agreement in April 1954. He maintained the strong ties with the United States and stood for opposition of communism.He acted as chairman of the Southeast Asian Security Conference held in Manila in September 1954, which led to the development of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, known as SEATO. He was in a conference in Australia when President Magsaysay died in an airplane accident on March 17, 1957 in Cebu. He became his successor, having been elected vice president in November 1953. He became president of the Philippines starting March 18, 1957 and lasted for eight months. In the elections of 1957 he won over three other candidates and became fourth president of the republic since its independence in 1946.He exercised the Filipino First Policy, for which he was known and popularized the â€Å"Buy Filipino† program. This policy heavily favored Filipino businessmen over foreign investors. Programs were initiated to improve Filipino production. He also encourag ed the renewal of interest in Philippine culture. He also initiated what has been called â€Å"The Austerity Program† that characterized his administration. However, he was criticized for his travels at the time of Austerity Program. He was accused of graft and corruption which had damaged his image. He was defeated in the 1961 presidential elections to Diosdado Macapagal partly due to these ontroversies. Garcia lived as a private citizen in Tagbilaran, Bohol after his defeat from the election. Garcia was elected delegate of the 1971 Constitutional Convention on June 1, 1971. The convention delegates elected him as the President of the Convention. However, just days after his election, he passed away. He died because of heart attack on June 14, 1971 in Tagbilaran City, Bohol. Garcia became the first president to have his remains lie in-state at the Manila Cathedral and the first president to be buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. STRENGTHS OF HIS ADMINISTRATIONCarlos P. Gar cia’s significance in the Philippine history is that he has made Philippines to be one of the innovative countries in Asia during his administration. Philippines was just recovering. And because of this, Pres. Carlos Garcia made programs that helped Philippines, especially with its current situation. He saw the need for economic independence because Philippines depended on products from America although they can produce with their own. Among these is the Filipino First Policy that is said to be the most significant act during his administration.It gave Filipino businessmen opportunities to widen their business and provide for the Filipinos. Their products were preferred more than imported ones and was given more priority. Through this act, local products were expanded and favored. This gave way for the Philippines to supply their own personal need for everyday living and it also helped in improving the economy that time. He wanted the Filipinos to provide for their own so the re would not need imports from foreign countries. Thus, it would lessen their expenses.One of the Filipino businessmen who was benefited with the Filipino First Policy was Filemon Rodriguez, who founded a management company and became the co-founder of FILOIL, the first Filipino-owned oil refining company. The concern of his administration was to make Philippines a self sustaining and independent country. Also one of the strength of his term is that he was able to revive the culture. He placed an emphasis to our culture because colonization took over and he felt that he needed to revive it. This helped the Filipinos to know their own culture and to be proud of it.He awarded some Filipino artists, scientist, historians and writers to encourage them. Although there were many economic problems arising, Pres. Carlos P. Garcia managed his country well enough. He was able to prioritize Filipinos and made laws that would increase the economic growth in the Philippines. Pres. Carlos Garcia did his part for the improvement of the Philippines. He promoted our local products and at the same time promoted it worldwide. It showed how much he is really aiming for the improvement of the lives of his Filipino people. The Garcia administration supported the local industries.He was able to shape and have Philippines to its good condition. Stated below are some of the achievements of Carlos P. Garcia’s administration. ACHIEVEMENTS There were many achievements made by President Carlo P. Garcia. These are as follows; As secretary of foreign affairs, he opened formal reparation negotiations in an effort to end the nine-year technical state of war between Japan and the Philippines, leading to an agreement in April 1954. During the Geneva Conference on Korean unification and other Asian problems, Garcia as chairman of the Philippine delegation attacked communist promises in Asia and defended the U.S. policy in the Far East. In a speech on May 7, 1954, the day of the fall of Di en Bien Phu, Garcia repeated the Philippine stand for nationalism and opposition of communism. After much discussion, both official and public, the Congress of the Philippines, finally, approved a bill outlawing the Communist Party of the Philippines. Despite the pressure exerted against the congressional measure, President Carlos P. Garcia signed the said bill into law as Republic Act No. 1700 on June 19, 1957. With this legislative piece, the sustained government campaign for peace and order achieved considerable progress and success.He also acted on the Bohlen–Serrano Agreement which shortened the lease of the US Bases from 99 years to 25 years and made it renewable after every five years. President Garcia initiated what has been called â€Å"The Austerity Program†. Garcia's administration was characterized by its austerity program and its insistence on a comprehensive nationalist policy. On March 3, 1960, he affirmed the need for complete economic freedom and added that the government no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests (especially American) in the national economy.He promised to shake off â€Å"the yoke of alien domination in business, trade, commerce and industry. † Garcia was also credited with his role in reviving Filipino cultural arts. The main points of the Austerity Program were: 1) The government would tighten up its controls to prevent abuses in the over shipment of exports under license and in under-pricing as well. 2) There would be a more rigid enforcement of the existing regulations on barter shipments. 3) Government imports themselves were to be restricted to essential items. 4) The government also would reduce rice imports to a minimum. ) An overhauling of the local transportation system would be attempted so as to reduce the importation of gasoline and spare parts. 6) The tax system would be revised so as to attain more equitable distribution of the payment-burden and achieve more effective coll ection from those with ability to pay. 7)There would be an intensification of food production. President Garcia exercised the Resolution No. 204 also called as the Filipino First Policy, for which he was known. This policy heavily favored Filipino businessmen over foreign investors.From the word itself, Filipinos and local products were prioritized more than foreign and imported products. Local enterprises were also given assistance. It also encouraged the Filipino businessmen to be part in the economy in the Philippines. Through this, the country was able to provide their own needs and lessen the imported products from foreign countries. In line with the Filipino First Policy, he also made Laws for local Industries like the Republic Act 2207 that is about the Rice and Corn Import Ban that prohibited imported rice and corn by any corporation.This helped the local producers to broaden their business. The effects of these are shown with the informations we have browsed. â€Å"Since i ts enactment in 1958, new Filipino-owned business organizations continued tosprout. Total capital investments of new Filipino businesses in 1958 was only P108,831,000whereas the Americans had P2,537,000. By 1959, new Filipinos businesses’ investments rose toP143,012,000 and those of the Americans declined to P2,433,000. In the 1960, the trendcontinued. Filipinos had P157,631,000 and Americans had P1,375,000. Although, investments of newAmerican businesses rose to P2,881,000 in 1961, those of Filipinos still had the bigger advantage with an increase to P209,398,000. † Not only that, his administration increased the employment rate and reduced the unemployment rate too. There is no perfect administration. President C. P. Garcia also faced many controversies. Which will be discussed in the next. WEAKNESSES/ ISSUES/ CONTROVERSIES During the time of Carlos P. Garcia, he made the policy called â€Å"Pilipino Muna†. In this policy as stated above, he wanted to steer awa y the country from a colonial dependence.He limited the imports so that the domestic industry would be encouraged and its production will increase. Magsaysay is a Business oligarch. He restricted foreign ownership so that the Americans could only own 40 % of the business. Compared to the countries that can be considered progressive, this policy the ‘’foreign owner restriction’’, is not a good policy if you want your country to make your country progressive. The only mistake Carlos P. Garcia made during his term is for being an anti-US business platform. And due to this there were many who criticized him and there is also much hearsay about that.Many people hated Garcia just like Macapagal, who said that Garcia was just using economic nationalism to cover up the corruption on his own government. The policy ‘Filipino First’ by Garcia should have been first consulted to the Americans. This policy hurt the Americans, which are why they are against the administration of Garcia. During Garcia’s administration, there’s always a room for misunderstanding between Garcia and foreign business importers (especially Americans) that thought that the aim of this policy is just a cover up of his fallacies. And this resulted many oppositions to Carlos Garcia.One of these is the American CIA, who again misunderstood the objective of Garcia. That’s why the US disliked Garcia and wanted another Magsaysay. And his Magsaysay that will be the follower of Americans that will agree on whatever the Americans want. And it’s Diosdado Macapagal, vice president during the time of Garcia, who is the next opponent of Garcia on the 1961 elections. CONCLUSION Throughout Garcia’s administration, he was faced with a great challenge, specifically in its economis issues. He stated the problems and made solutions to fix this.Philippines was dependent to foreign countries, resulting to some disadvantages like higher exchange rates. He was known for Filipino First Policy. It was because he wanted Philippines to be independent, industrialized, self-sustaining and wouldn’t rely to anyone but themselves for everyday needs. He didn’t tolerate foreign and imported products because he wants local firms to expand nationally so that local stocks would increase and will help in the economy growth of the Philppines and thus he was successful because employment rate increased, there has been imrovement and growth in the economy.He was able to make Philippines in a good shape, but not in best. Also through his Austerity Program, he tried to lessen and if possible, eliminate graft and corruption that was exisiting in the past administration and also to his as well, and also to teach moral values to the leaders of the country. Garcia was also known as he revived Filipino cultural arts. At the end of his term, Garcia was criticized by many because they say that programs were not enough for the common peop le. That is why he lost the elections to Pres. Diosdado Macapagal. VALUES LEARNEDEverything you do, there are people what you love to do. Just like Carlos P. Garcia, he was hated by the Americans by helping his fellow Filipinos. (Kelvin Angeles) The value that i learned from Carlos P. Garcia is to love my own country. He emphasized nationalism. He was the one who exercised the Filipino First Policy, wherein Filipinos where given priority over foreign investors. He passed bills that made the Philppines more peaceful and inorder. He gave importance to the Filipino businesses and gave them the economic freedom that they've wanted for a long time.He taught me to patronize local goods over imported products, which i usually buy because i thought that it was stronger and safer to use. He taught me to give importance to our country and be proud to be a Filipino. (Shaira Bravo) I learned that the environment you grew up really affects the way you act and think. Former Carlos P. Garcia grew up in a middle class family that enabled him to study in school. Having also a father that was a farmer then became a politician, he saw how the poor and the rich lived and acted. He was opened to a broad environment and saw the world not a simple place to live.He learned that this world composed of different class of people and each class had responsibilities to perform service in the country. This knowledge led him to take up public service as his life career. He lived his life serving Filipinos. I also learned that Garcia was a man that lived with his principles. He fought for what he knows right for the people. He was a symbol of nationalism and an epitome of democracy and justice. (Ahiah Chan) I can say that by doing this term paper, I have browsed the Speech made by former President Carlos Garcia. And in the concluding part, I read this†¦But man is finite and God is infinite and eternal and so we need Him in all our national efforts. Let us therefore pray for His guidance and mercy and that He abide with us forever and fill our days with the abundance of His blessings. â€Å"For His Kingdom is a Kingdom of all ages, and dominion endureth throughout all generations. They shall publish the memory of the abundance of His sweetness and shall rejoice in His Justice. † (Psalm 144) With Him nothing is impossible; without Him nothing. I thank you. It tells me that in whatever we do; God will always be with us.Anything is possible if we keep on believing in God. Pres. C. P. Garcia did not forget God and he put his trust on God so he would be successful in attaining all his plans for the Philippines. Also in His Austerity program, he focused not only in the economy but also for the values of the Filipinos, teaching them to be thrift, to be efficient, to save money, and to live simply, avoiding luxurious materials. It showed that he was also after the morals of the Filipinos. (Ana Docallos) REFERENCES Carlos Garcia. (n. d. ) Retrieved on Sept 17, 2012, http://www. cribd. com/doc/72422288/ CARLOS-GARCIA Carlos P. Garcia. (n. d. ) Retrieved on September 18, 2012, http://www. scribd. com/doc/37537872/ Carlos-P-Garcia Carlos P. Garcia biography. (n. d. ) Retrieved on September 18, 2012, http://www. bookrags. com/ biography/carlos-p-garcia/ Carlos P. Garcia. (n. d. ) Retrieved on September 18, 2012, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Carlos_P. _Garcia Philippine Economy under President Garcia. (n. d. ) Retrieved on September 16, 2012,http://www. scribd. com/doc/36176205/Philippine-Economy-under-President-Garcia

Coach Johnson Essay

1.Some Various forms of power include coercive, compliance gaining, expert, and reward power (Interpersonal Communication: Relating to others pg. 229-230). The kind of power that Coach Johnson has on his team very to comply with coach Johnson’s goals like going to the championships. 2.The turning point was when Gilbert decided to go talk to Coach Johnson because from there and on Coach Johnson yelled at gilbert had a bad conversation. Yes I think it was the same turning point for Coach Johnson because he felt more frustrated because he does not like people telling how to run things. If one has a positive turning point and the other has a negative, the person with the positive turning point might be calmer and actually talk things out. 3.The turmoil stage, the conflict was increase and unclear relationship happened when Gilbert approach the Coach. The stagnation stage, communication declined and both took each other for granted because they were mad at each other, Gilbert because he wanted more playing time and Coach Johnson because he doesn’t like people telling him how to run things. The de-intensification stage, decreased interaction and distance both were to mad at each other that they didn’t want to talk. The individualization stage, when both are more individual than being more of a team. The separation stage, when they try to eliminate further communication between them, this is when Coach Johnson decides to put James over Gilbert. The final stage is post-interaction stage, this happened when gilbert wants to quit the team and go his separate way. (Interpersonal Communication: Relating to others pg. 263-265) 4.Social exchange theory is an economic model of human behavior used to explain how people arrive at decisions, posits that people seek the greatest amount of reward with the least amount of cost (Interpersonal Communication: Relating to others pg.267). Well the cost would be the relationship and the rewards would be the rewards you are gaining from the relationship. Coach Johnson decided to put James in instead of Gilbert because he was not gaining any rewards from Gilbert because Gilbert was not playing good. 5.Attitude can be communicated verbally when Gilbert talked back to his coach. Attitude can also be communicated verbally when Gilbert talked back to his coach. Attitude can also be communicated non-verbally, this happened when his teammates seen Gilbert always mad through his face expression. Attitude affects long term relationships because when people have an attitude they tend to say things they don’t  mean. Gilbert might want to recognize his mistakes in the games and work harder and talk to Coach Johnson when he is calmer and relaxed, Gilbert should also apologizing to his team for not being his best on team.